Clinical Chemistry Blog Notes 03

Missing School During Internship

2009-11-19T08:14:00.000-08:00

Do you agree that DRUG TESTING should be done as a requirement for admission to schools?

2009-08-31T06:22:00.000-07:00

Yes.. first, schools that conduct drug testing hope that random testing will serve as a deterrent, and give students a reason to resist peer pressure to take drugs. Secondly, drug testing can identify adolescents who have started using drugs so that interventions can occur early, or identify adolescents who already have drug problems, so they can be referred for treatment.

Drug abuse not only interferes with a student's ability to learn, but it can also disrupt the teaching environment, affecting other students as well.

Answers

2009-08-28T06:31:00.000-07:00

1-3
any of these: GnRH,ADH,Estrogen,testosterone,progesterone,oxytoxin,CRH,cortisol,TSH,insulin

4. b. False

5. b. False

6. a. True

7. d. none of the above

8. a. True

9&10

any of these: thyroid,parathyroid,pancreas,pituitary,adrenals

Case Analysis
1. T3 and T4 test . expected result in T3 is increased value and T4 is increased value

2. Hyperthyroidism

3.

The options for treating hyperthyroidism include:

Treating the symptoms
Antithyroid drugs -methimazole (Tapazole®) or propylthiouracil (PTU) These drugs work well to control the overactive thyroid.
Radioactive iodine -radioactive iodine used in this treatment is administered by mouth, usually in a small capsule that is taken just once. Once swallowed, the radioiodine gets into your blood stream and quickly is taken up by the overactive thyroid cells. The radioiodine that is not taken up by the thyroid cells disappears from the body within days. It is either eliminated in the urine or transformed by radioactive decay into a nonradioactive state.
Surgery-. This procedure is best performed by a surgeon who has much experience in thyroid surgery. this permanently cured by surgical removal of most of your thyroid gland

SHORT QUIZ ABOUT HORMONES

2009-08-25T20:05:00.000-07:00

Short Quiz

1 to 3- give 3 examples of hormones

4. Only one hormone can send a message.

a. True b. False

5. The hormones are substances that carry messages from cells of your body to your organs.

a. True b. False

6. Hormones control and regulate the activity of certain cells or organs.

a. True b. False

7. Hormones are necessary for every activity of daily living All of the following are true. EXCEPT:

a. digestion b. mood control c. metabolism d. none of the above

8. Hormones are also found in animals and plants.

a. True b. False

9.&10.- Give 2 specific glands that produce hormones.

Case Analysis:

Roberta,single, 25 year-old woman went to a doctor for check up, she was experiencing hand tremors, frequent bowel movement, fast heart beat, and was very nervous.she had also enlargement of the thyroid gland. The doctor requested her for TSH examination.

Result:

TSH- decreased values

1. What other test should be performed and what are the expected result?

2. Based on the signs and symptoms of the patient what is the possible diagnosis of the doctor?

3. What treatment should be employed?

HORMONES

2009-08-18T07:24:00.000-07:00

HORMONES

Hormones are necessary for every activity of daily living, including the processes of digestion, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood control.

A hormone is a chemical substance produced by a gland.

Hormones are produced by specific glands.

Hormones control and regulate the activity of certain cells or organs.

The Hormones carry messages from organs of your body to your cells. The glands that secrete hormones are part of the our endocrine system examples ( pituitary, thyroid, adrenals and pancreas).

They work to keep the body’s natural balance in check.

This is what we call homeostasis.

Hormones are also found in plants and animals.

Hormones are produced by living cells. Many different kinds of cells can send a message. There are some cells that their main job is to produce hormones.

Reference:

My Top Ten Favorite Bloggers

2009-08-18T07:00:00.000-07:00

Janet Toral is conducting The Influential Blogger Writing Project on the Top Ten Emerging Influential Bloggers' Contest.

These blogs are very informative,they are inspiring and have positive effects on people's lives. I really appreciate all the blogs and i love reading them.

1. Holly Jahangiri - It's All a Matter of Perspective: Mine: http://jahangiri.us.net/
It is a blog that gives information and entertainment at the same time.

2. Dr. Lorenzo Bernardino - Zorlone - http://zorlone.blogspot.com
- Doc Zorlone is not only a qualified internal medicine doctor, but is also a great poet. His poems lend credence to his ultimate creativity.

3. Jan Geronimo- Writing to Exhale - http://writingtoexhale.com
- A blog where the east and west meet.. English or tagalog, he writes with excellence.

4. Roy dela Cruz-The Struggling Blogger-http://thestrugglingblogger.168center.com
- His thoughts are useful and amusing. Nice to read.

5. Angel Cuala - Fatherbloggerdotcom - http://fatherblogger.com
-A good and informative blog about parenting, blogging, growing up, and even relationship problems.

6. Kelvin Servigon - Kelvinonian Ideas 2 - http://kelvinonian.com
- Good photos and articles are posted in this blog!

7. Irene - Lifelots - http://lifelots.blogspot.com
- Inspiring ideas about life and love could be learned from her blog..

8. Bing - I Love/Hate America - http://www.ilovehateamerica.com
- A blog about the author's life in America!

9. Luke - A Walk in the Dark - http://darkestshade.blogspot.com
- A very inspiring blog about computers, facebook and triumvirate. Good topics for reading.

10.Dee - Tales from the Mom Side - http://www.talesfromthemomeside.com
- Blog of note for moms and non-moms as well.

You may want to vote for them! But first read them and tell me I am right. Thank you and god bless. Ü

The contest is sponsored by:

Absolute Traders, My Brute Cheats, Business Summaries, Fitness Advantage Club, Events and Corporate Video, http://www.eventsatwork.com.com3C/a>, Dominguez Marketing Communications, Red Mobile and Blog4Reviews.com.

I'm Glad I've Found You

2009-08-18T06:50:00.002-07:00

I'm Glad I've Found You

I'm glad I've found my gonads but I’m wondering if you are the one one I've been looking for after all I've been through.

A lot of questions run through my mind, will you be there to take care of me or will you be like the rest and leave me behind?

You seem like the kind of hormone I've been looking for.

But I guess I'll have to get to know you more to be sure.

I have a lot to give and it seems like you,too.

Hopefully this time I've found a hormone that is true.

I love your job within my body and the way you make me feel. I have a feeling we could be together for quite awhile.

I'll care for you and be with you as long as you want me to stay.

What I feel for you just won't seem to go away.

So for now I will cherish the moments you spend outside my hypothalamus and pituitary gland because the way you make me feel is like heaven.

ANSWERS:

2009-08-18T06:50:00.001-07:00

IDENTIFICATION:

1.) LH and FSH

2.) Lithium heparin

3.) Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and Luteinizing hormone(LH)

4-5 low frequency FSH release and high frequency LH release

6.) LH test

7.) estrogen and progesterone

8.) every 1-2 hours

9.) nausea,headache,abdominal pain.

10.)FSH test

11- 20 CASE ANALYSIS

What would be the disease in this case? TESTICULAR FAILURE

How can you prevent this kind of disease?

Avoid higher-risk activities if possible.

What treatment contribute to the disease?

Male hormone supplements may successfully treat some forms of testicular failure. Men who take testosterone replacement therapy but should be careful monitored by the physician.
Testosterone may cause overgrowth of the prostate gland and an abnormal increase in red blood cells.

Avoiding a specific drug or activity known to cause the problem may result in return of normal testicular function.

Hormone replacement therapy can help reverse symptoms, although it may not restore fertility.

GnRH Quiz bee

2009-08-18T06:47:00.000-07:00

1.) What are the hormones that control GnRH?____________

2.) What is the best anticoagulant used in GnRH test?____________

3.) Transcibe FSH and LH._____________

4.)and 5.) When there is a low frequency pulses lead to__________ and when there is a high frequency it will lead to____________________

6.) This test can help characterized between disease of the ovaries or testes and a disorder of the pituitary or hypothalamus._____________

7.) What are the two responsible female hormones?________________

8.) In both sexes, its GnRH secretion occurs in periodic pulses usually occurs_____________

9.) give me one example of rare caused by GnRH?____________

10.)it is used to help conclude the reason a man has a low sperm count.____________

11-20 CASE ANALYSIS

A 32 yr old male went to the doctor because he’s experiencing a lack of muscle mass, lack of sex drive(libido), loss of armpit and pubic hair Slow development and absence of secondary male sex characteristics the doctor prognosis is he should undergo a Hormone replacement therapy can help reverse symptoms, although it may not restore fertility. Further testing he may show decreased bone mineral density and fractures. Blood tests may reveal low levels of testosterone and high levels of FSH and LH.

What would be the disease in this case?

How can you prevent this kind of disease?

What other factors contribute to the disease?

GnRH

2009-08-18T06:37:00.000-07:00

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Known as Luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), it is a tropic peptide hormone responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.

Control of FSH and LH

At the pituitary, GNRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These processes are manipulated by the size and frequency of GNRH pulses, as well as by response from androgens and estrogens. Low frequency GNRH pulses lead to FSH release, whereas high frequency GNRH pulses stimulate LH release.

In GNRH discharge between females and males. In males, GNRH is secreted in pulses at a fixed recurrence, but in females the frequency of the pulses varies during the menstrual cycle and there is a large surge of GNRH just before ovulation.

GNRH flow is in all vertebrates, and is all-important for right generating function. a single hormone, GNRH1,command a complex process of follicular growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum support in the female, and spermatogenesis in the male.

GNRH action is very low during childhood, and is activated at puberty. During the generating years, pulse activity is critical for successful reproductive function as controlled by feedback loops. However, once a pregnancy is established.

GNRH in other organs

GNRH is found in organs outside of the hypothalamus and pituitary and its role in other life processes is poorly understood. For instance, there is likely to be a role for GNRH1 in the placenta and in the gonads.

(GnRH)

Its secretion aon ae onset of puberty triggers sexual development and from then on its movement for normal sexual physiology of both males and females. In both sexes, its secretion occurs in periodic pulses usually occurring every 1–2 hours.

Primary Effects Secondary Effects

FSH and LH Up estrogen and progesterone Up (in females)

Testosterone Up (in males)

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Test

Indication

To recognize hypothalamic-pituitary disease in advance and delayed puberty in both sexes in those children with low basal gonadotropins.

Contra-indications

This test may be performed simultaneously with TRH or glucagon as part of triple pituitary test.

Principle

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) is a weak secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates the production and secretion of LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary.

Side Effects

GnRH may rarely cause nausea, headache and abdominal pain.

Preparation

no specific patient preparation is required.

Requirements

3 Lithium heparin tubes
GnRH the dose for children is 2.5 microgm/kg to a max 100 microgm

Procedure

time 0 min 2 mL blood for LH & FSH immediately give GnRH

time 20 min 2 mL blood for LH & FSH

time 60 min 2 mL blood for LH & FSH

Interpretation

* Normal basal reference values in prepubertal children are:
LH <>

* Following GnRH, the reaction may be considered normal if the basal values are in the reference range and there is at least a doubling at 20 min for LH and FSH. The response varies throughout the menstrual cycle: early (D4) <>

* An extreme response is seen in primary & secondary gonadal failure.

* A flat response in gonadotropins (<>

* The importance of the LH response is equal to the mean nocturnal LH and therefore the development of puberty.

LH test

Formal name: Luteinizing hormone
Related tests: FSH, Testosterone, Progesterone, Estradiol, Total estrogens

LH Test

How is it used?

LH is commonly used in combination with other tests (FSH, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone) in the workup of infertility in both men and women. LH levels are also useful in the investigation of menstrual changes and to help in recognize of pituitary disorders or diseases involving the ovaries or testes.

A urine test may be used to detect the surge in LH that indicates that development will occur in the next 1-2 days.

In children, FSH and LH are used to diagnose delayed and childhood.

LH is measured in relation to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to tell difference between primary or secondary disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. GnRH is the hormone produced by the hypothalamus that activates the pituitary to release LH and FSH. this test, a baseline blood sample is drawn and then the patient is given an injection of GnRH. After blood samples are drawn at specified times, and the level of LH is measured. This test can help characterized between disease of the ovaries or testes and a disorder of the pituitary or hypothalamus. It is also often applicable in the evaluation of advance or delayed puberty.

FSH test

Formal name: Follicle-stimulating hormone
Related tests: Total estrogens, Estradiol, LH, Testosterone, Progesterone

How is it used?

FSH is often used in combination with other tests (LH, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone) in the workup of infertility in both men and women. FSH levels are used to help conclude the reason a man has a low sperm count. FSH levels are also useful in the detecting of menstrual irregularities and to aid in the examination of pituitary disorders or diseases involving the ovaries or testes. In children, FSH and LH are used to diagnose delayed or childhood.

In women, FSH and LH levels can help to tell the difference between failure of the ovaries themselves and failure of the ovaries due to disorders of either the pituitary or the hypothalamus). Increased levels of FSH and LH are fixed with primary ovarian deficiency.

When a woman enters menopause and her ovaries stop working, FSH levels will rise.

Low levels of FSH and LH are constant with secondary ovarian deficiency due to a pituitary or hypothalamic problem.

In men, high FSH levels are due to primary testicular failure. This can be due to developmental defects in testicular growth or to testicular injury.

Reference:

http://129.11.156.204/Bilm/gnrh.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone

http://www.fpnotebook.com/Endo/Lab/FlclStmltngHrmn.htm

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

2009-08-18T06:31:00.000-07:00

Welcome

2009-08-18T06:24:00.000-07:00

Hi, I'm Diana Christina, welcome to my blog.